full notes of automobile engineering | automobile engineering | NOTES OF AUTOMOBILE ENGINEERING

 Automobile engineering is a branch study of engineering which having manufacturing , designing , mechanical mechanism, as well as operation of automobile .

 

It is an introduction to vehicle engineering which deals with motorcycle , car , buses, trucks etc it include brach study of mechanical , electrical , software and safety elements . 

TYPE OF AUTOMOBILES:-

• ON THE BASIC OF LOAD ;-heavy transport vehicle (HTV) OR heavy motor vehicle (HMV) light transport vehicle (LTV), Light motor vehicle (LMV)
• ON THE BASIC OF FUEL USED:-

1. PETROL VEHICLE :- MOTER CYCLE , SCOTOR, CAR etc
2. DISEL VEHICLE :- Truck , bus etc An electric vehicle that uses the battery to drive.
3. GAS VEHICLE :- LPG AND CNG vehicle 

• ON THE BASIC OF WHEEL:-

1. TWO WHEELER VEHICLE :- For example scoter motorcycle , etc 
2. THREE WHEELER VEHICLE :-for example Autorickshow, three wheeler scoter for handicap and tempo
3. FOR WHEELER VEHICLE :-Car , jeep trucks, bus etc
4. SIX WHEELER VEHICLE:-Big trucks with two gear axles.

A self propelled passanger vehicle which is used for land transport and usually consists of for to eight tires and is powered by internal composition engine or an electric motor .

• PASSANGER VECHILE :-Car , bus , taxi , truck, terpos , container etc
• SPECIAL PURPOSE VEHICLE :-Ambulance , fire brigade etc
• ACCORDING TO LOAD CARRYING CAPACITY ;-Light motor vehicle (LMV) ,CARS, JEEP
• MODERNTRANSPORT VEHICLE (MMV):-Tempos, heavy motor vehicle (HMV) , TRUCKS , TRACTOR ,ETC
• ON THE BASIC OF BODY STYLE:-Sedan, hatchback car. coupe car station wagon convertile . van special purpose vehicle eg ambuence , milk van etc
• ON THE BASIC OF TRANSMISSION:-Conventional vehicle with mannual transmission eg car with five gears. 
• ON THE BASIC OF DRIVE:- Left hand drive , right hand drive.
• ON THE BASIS OF DRIVING AXLE :-Front wheel drive , rear wheel drive , four wheel drive .
• POSITION OF ENGINE :-The engine in front most vehicle have the engine in the front . EXAMPLE: Most of the cars. The engine in the rear side, very few vehicle have the engine located in the rear for example a NANO CAR.

VEHICLE CONSTRUCTION AND LAYOUT :-The vehicle is based upon type of drive used they are

1. FRONT ENGINE REAR WHEEL DRIVE
2. REAR ENGINE REAR WHEEL DRIVE 
3. FRONT ENGINE FRONT WHEEL DRIVE 
4. FOUR  WHEEL DRIVE 

1. FRONT ENGINE REAR WHEEL DRIVE :-Rear wheel drive place the engine in the front of the vehicle and driven wheel are located at the rear a configuration known as front engine rear wheel drive layout .

           In the layout a front  mounted engine clutch gear box unit drive a beam type rear axle supported on leaf spring through a properller shaft with two universal joints.

SOME OF THE ADVANTAGE PROVIDED BY THE SYSTEM ARE :-

1. EVEN WEIGHT DISTRIBUTION :-Balanced weight distribution between the front and the rear wheel provided good handling characteristics. 
2. For easy front wheel steering movement enace occupies the reduced with between the wheel arches
3. Large luggage space is provided behind the rear seat 
4. maintance and accessibility of engine , gear box is easy and the control over the acclerator , clutch choke simple.
5. rsdiator cooling is natural (by air ) so decreases the power required for cooling .

DISADVANTAGE:- 

1. Reduce back seats legroom space 
2. a tunnel is needed for the propeller shaft
3. reduce boot space .
4. heavier and more expansive .

2. REAR ENGINE REAR WHEEL DRIVE:-

This layout consist of placing the engine clutch and gearbox in the back . so taking the space of the boot . In these type of  layout more than 50% of the weight is on the rear axle . The necessity of the propeller shaft is completely eliminated. the clutch gear box and engine and final drive from a single unit .

ADVANTAGE :-

1. Excellent traction is available while climbing hills.
2. A Larger passenger space is available for the given length of body .
3. very compact and accessible power and transmission assembly is provided.
4. lot of weight at the  back improves acceleration and breaking rear wheel and dick brake can be designed to take a bigger amount of breaking due to the weight distribution to the rear end .
5. passanger are comfortable from engine noise heat and fumes.

DISADVANTAGE :-

1. At high speed relatively high proportion of weight at the rear axle will make the car unstable at speed . There is a strong tendency for the vehicle to oversteer
2. The space at the front has to be reduced to allowed for the steering lock of thee front wheel .
3. Space utilised for engine compartment is wasted.

3. FRONT ENGINE FRONT WHEEL DRIVE :-

This type of arrangement provide optimum passanger space and a flat floor line resulting in a transverse underfloor-longitudnal engine position. The propeller shaft length is reduced or neglects the properller shaft .  Good grip with road surface due to engine weight at front .

poor required for the cooling is reduced When the vehicle is to be steer in to the curve, it provide under-steer characteristics.

ADVANTAGES:-

1. Good accleration because of  back weight transfer .
2. efficient braking 
3. neutral handling

DISADVANTAGES:-

1. When acclerating some steering is lost
2. Require more space
3. no back seats 
4. difficulties with the cooling system

4. FOUR WHEEL DRIVE:-

In this arrengment all the for wheel of the vehicle are driven by the engine thus  making the entire vehicle weight available for traction .

there for wheel drive vehicle are very useful ont hill station if one of the wheel slipping or skidding then tractive force to the vehicle . the steering of the four wheel drive is hard to operate compare with other type of drive .